Illuminating peri-implant dysbiosis

An analysis may have uncovered the mechanisms responsible for peri-implant dysbiosis.

Prior research has determined that titanium particles from dental implants could increase the risk of peri-implantitis.

In the study, published in the Journal of Dental Research, investigators examined the complex relationship between host-microbiome interactions, host immunity, microbial ecology and implant biomaterial properties.

The investigators found that the release of particles during the process of implant degradation could promote a local immune response. For instance, titanium particles could be a key modulator of peri-implant dysbiosis and have been shown to be correlated with pathogenic shifts in the peri-implant microbiome. The investigators noted that titanium particles may play a role in inflammatory cascades in peri-implant tissues — such as toll-like receptor activation and inflammasome and complement signaling — leading to nonresolving inflammation that could render antimicrobial monotherapies ineffective.

The findings suggested that novel interventions targeting titanium-modulated inflammatory pathways may offer more effective treatment options in patients with peri-implantitis. The investigators emphasized the need for additional studies exploring the host-microbiome-biomaterial interplay.

Read more: Journal of Dental Research

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